INTRODUCTION
It has been estimated that up to 40% of the planets , lands is degraded , directly affecting the global population and contribution to on going biodiversity losses In response substantial effort have been invested to half and reverse this trend , through ecological restoration spurred on by large scale global effort including the Bonn challenge aiming to ensure 360 million hectares of degraded land by 2020 (with 210 million hectares of degraded for restoration ) and other decade on ecosystem restoration .
Plants are critical to terrestrial ecosystems carbon inputs through next primary production . A large proportion of the plant assimilated , carbon enters the soil as root litter , which fuels the soil food web .Soil biota regulates the breakdown of this organic matter releasing essential nutrients released by the soil biota is fundamental to the long term functioning of ecosystems . In addition the soil microbes and invertebrates influence plant community dynamics through several mechanism .
Ecological restoration often encounters barriers caused by past human or natural disturbances . Among these soil barriers – rarely considered in restoration contexts , – are critical ,as changes soil biology and functions influences restoration outcomes . In addition to physical and chemical degradation , soil , forms ranging from enriched conditions with excessive nutrient contents and altered biological communities to depleted nutrient conditions .
Adding organic matter , planting , planting fast -growing species to increases , carbon inputs , using nitrogen fixing plants to increase nitrogen availability and increasing plant diversity to provide a range of resources . Once soil communities begin to establish , adaptive management can guide suitable recovery trajectories towards forget ecosystem conditions. Conversely nutrients enriched sites can be particulary challenging due to plant – soil feedbacks .
sources
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rstb/article/381/1942/20240416/479661
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479725043270
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-04830-1_17